ᓘᒃᑖᖅ ᔨᐊᕗᕆ ᑎᒃᑭᓐᓴᓐ

ᒥᒃᓵᓄᑦ

ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕋ ᑲᑎᙵᓂᖃᖅᐳᖅ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕕᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐊᕐᓇᐅᖕᒪᖔᑦ/ᐊᖑᑕᐅᖕᒪᖔᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐆᒃᑐᕋᐃᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᒡᔪᐊᓂᒃ. ᐊᑐᖅᐸᒃᐳᖓ ᐊᖏᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᒡᓗᒥᐅᖃᑎᒌᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓄᓇᙳᐊᑎᒍᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᖢᒋᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᒡᓗᒥᐅᖃᑎᒌᑦ, ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕖᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᓲᖑᖕᒪᖔᑕ, ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᑦᑎᐊᙱᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᔪᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅᓯᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᕆᐊᒃᓴᖅ. PhD−ᑖᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᖅᓴᕐᕕᒡᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᔨᓃᕙᒥ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᖓ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ IFPRI, IMF, ᐊᒻᒪ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᒃᑯᕕᖕᒥ.

ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᐳᖓ Dollar Scholars, ᑐᙵᕕᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐱᑎᑦᑎᕙᒃᖢᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ−ᑐᙵᕕᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᙱᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᖅᑕᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᓴᓇᓚᐅᕆᕗᖓ ᐃᑭᐊᖅᑭᕕᖕᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᒡᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ.

ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕋᓱᒃᐸᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᖓ, ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂᒃ 7-ᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᓪᓚᒃᑎᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖓ, ᑕᐃᕙᒃᖢᖓ Counter-Strike ᐊᒻᒪᓗ Warcraft III ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᐅᔪᓂ Séoul-ᒥᑦ Monza-ᒧᑦ 2004-ᓗ 2011-ᓗ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ. ᓱᓕ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᐸᒃᐳᖓ Counter-Strike 2-ᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ Overwatch 2-ᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᖓ EverQuest-ᒥ.

ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ

ᐱᓕᕆᔾᔪᑎᒃᓴᑦ ᐸᐃᑉᐹᑦ

Spreading the love around: how does agricultural labor demand respond to temporary weather shocks?

ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓕᖕᓂ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂ, ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕕᖕᓂ ᐃᒡᓗᒥᐅᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᖃᕐᔪᐊᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᓂᐅᔪᓂ ᐸᓂᓗᐊᕐᓂᐅᔪᒥ ᐊᒻᒪ ᖃᐅᓯᕐᓇᐅᒐᔪᙱᑦᑐᒥ. ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᒡᓗᒥᐅᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᕗᑦ.
ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ

This is the first study to separately identify labor demand responses to both unanticipated droughts and periods of above normal rainfall for three forms of agricultural labor that are central to agricultural production: family, hired, and mutual exchange labor. I use a simple parcel‑level model with three labor types and monitoring costs to study how family labor is reallocated across parcels during drought. In six countries I find small but statistically significant decreases in the share of hired labor during droughts and during periods of above-normal rainfall, indicating a strong reliance on family labor during shocks. I find that farm households appear to lean heavily on exchange labor by using exchange labor more frequently during periods of above-normal rainfall. Due to the heavy reliance on family labor, household size and the gender of the household head are important moderating factors. Women-headed households appear to be significantly more constrained in how they apply labor on family farms. My findings underscore that these labor types are distinct in how they respond to temporary weather shocks. The results of my analysis have important implications for policies targeted at stimulating agricultural labor markets.
- ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕕᓕᕆᓂᖅ
- ᐃᕐᓂᓱᒃᓰᓂᖅ
- ᓯᓚᒧᑦ ᖁᐊᕐᓵᕐᓇᖅᑐᑦ
- ᐊᕐᓇᐅᖕᒪᖔᑦ ᐊᖑᑕᐅᖕᒪᖔᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ
ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᑦ

Assessing land area from above: evidence from Armenia

Sydney Gourlay (ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᒃᑯᕕᒃ)

ᓇᑭᙶᕈᓘᔭᖅᑐᒥ ᐆᒃᑐᕋᕐᓂᐅᔪᒥ ᐃᒡᓗᒥᐅᖃᑎᒌᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐅᔪᒥ: ᑐᔾᔭᖅᓯᓂᖅ ᐃᓂᓂ ᖁᒻᒧᐊᒃᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᑎᒍᑦ 42%-ᒥ ᕿᓚᒻᒥᐅᓂᖅᓴᒥ ᐆᒃᑐᕋᕐᓂᐅᔪᒥ ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑎᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᐅᓯᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅ-ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖑᔪᓂ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑕᒻᒪᖅᓯᒪᙱᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑎᒥᑦ.
ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ

Using primary data collected by the World Bank in Armenia as part of a randomized controlled trial, we evaluate the use of a satellite image tracing to measure agricultural land in the context of a household survey. Satellite tracing offers several benefits, including a large reduction in the cost of measuring land, the potential to measure more parcels of land, and improved security for survey enumerators. We find the satellite tracing approach yields consistent results, and requires 42% less time than measuring with GPS, and provides value-added over self-reported estimates. Due to the potential cost savings, and other non-trivial benefits, we suggest that land measurement via satellite image tracing offers significant value, though is not as accurate as land area estimates conducted with a handheld GPS.
- ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᓰᑦ
- ᖃᖓᑦᑕᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᑦ
- RCT

ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᐊᑕᖏᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕆᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ